STUDY THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON CRYSTALLIZATION AND MAGNETIZATION OF BCT

WG Suharta1*, AAN Gunawan2

Abstract: Piezoelectric BaTiO3 samples with substitution of Ca and RE (Y, Gd, Nd) elements have been successfully synthesized using a wet-mixing method. The final sample was obtained piezoelectric (Ba0.90Ca0.10)(Ti0.95RE0.05)O3 in high crystallinity. The synthesis process used the wet-mixing method with nitric acid (HNO3) as a solvent. The process of calcination was carried out at 600oC for 3 hours and sintering at 900oC for 5 hours. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization results showed M-O group absorption in the IR area of about 375-425 cm-1, while the BaCO3 group of the calcite type as impurities was detected in the area of around 1390-1435 cm-1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization showed phase dominance (Ba0.90Ca0.10)(Ti0.95RE0.05)O3 with a purity greater than 90% and the impurity phase BaNd2Ti4O12 and BaCO3 with an intensity less than 10%. Substitution of Y, Gd, and Nd results in an increase in lattice constant values for a, b and c-axis sequentially. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) characterization showed that the substitution of Y, Gd, and Nd results in an increase in the coercivity and remanence magnetization value as well as a decrease in the saturation magnetization values.  
Keywords: piezoelectric, wet-mixing, magnetization, rare earth, barium titanium oxide